反射是指在php运行状态中,扩展分析php程序,导出或提取出关于类、方法、属性、参数等的详细信息,包括注释。这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能称为反射api。反射是操纵面向对象范型中元模型的api,其功能十分强大,可帮助我们构建复杂,可扩展的应用。

其用途如:自动加载插件,自动生成文档,甚至可用来扩充php语言。

php反射api由若干类组成,可帮助我们用来访问程序的元数据或者同相关的注释交互。借助反射我们可以获取诸如类实现了那些方法,创建一个类的实例(不同于用new创建),调用一个方法(也不同于常规调用),传递参数,动态调用类的静态方法。

反射api是php内建的oop技术扩展,包括一些类,异常和接口,综合使用他们可用来帮助我们分析其它类,接口,方法,属性,方法和扩展。这些oop扩展被称为反射。

下面的程序使用reflection来构造”create table”的sql语句。如果你不是很熟悉反射机制,可以从这个程序中看看反射的魅力与作用。

<?php
/**
 * creates an sql 'create table' based upon an entity
 * @author chris tankersley <chris@ctankersley.com>
 * @copyright 2010 chris tankersley
 * @package phporm_cli
 */
class phporm_cli_generatesql
{
  /**
   * use a mysql database
   */
  const mysql = 'mysql';
  /**
   * use a sqlite database
   */
  const sqlite = 'sqlite';
  /**
   * types that are allowed to have a length
   * @var array
   */
  protected $_haslength = array('integer', 'varchar');
  /**
   * regexes needed to pull out the different comments
   * @var array
   */
  protected $_regexes = array(
    'type' => '/ type=([a-z_]*) /',
    'length' => '/ length=([0-9]*) /',
    'default' => '/ default="(.*)" /',
    'null' => '/ null /',
  );
  /**
   * types that we support
   * @var array
   */
  protected $_validtypes = array(
    'boolean' => 'bool',
    'date' => 'date',
    'integer' => 'int',
    'primary_autoincrement' => 'int auto_increment primary key',
    'text' => 'text',
    'timestamp' => 'timestamp',
    'varchar' => 'varchar',
  );
  /**
   * name of the class we will interperet
   * @var string
   */
  protected $_classname;
  /**
   * name of the table we are generating
   * @var string
   */
  protected $_tablename;
  /**
   * the type of database we are generating
   * @var string
   */
  protected $_type;
  /**
   * sets the name of the class we are working with
   * @param string $class
   * @param string $table_name
   * @param string $type
   */
  public function __construct($class, $table_name, $type = self::mysql)
  {
    $this->_classname = $class;
    $this->_tablename = $table_name;
    $this->_type = $type;
  }
  /**
   * builds an sql line for a property
   * @param reflectionproperty $property
   * @return string
   */
  protected function _getdefinition($property)
  {
    $type = '';
    $length = '';
    $null = '';
    preg_match($this->_regexes['type'], $property->getdoccomment(), $matches);
    if(count($matches) == 2) {
      if(array_key_exists($matches[1], $this->_validtypes)) {
        $type = $this->_validtypes[$matches[1]];
        if(in_array($matches[1], $this->_haslength)) {
          $length = $this->_getlength($property);
        }
        if($matches[1] != 'primary_autoincrement') {
          $null = $this->_getnull($property);
        }
        $sql = '`'.$property->getname().'` '.$type.' '.$length.' '.$null;
        return $sql;
      } else {
        throw new exception('type "'.$matches[1].'" is not a supported sql type');
      }
    } else {
      throw new exception('found '.count($matches).' when checking type for property '.$property->getname());
    }
  }
  /**
   * extracts the length from a property
   * @param reflectionproperty $property
   * @return string
   */
  protected function _getlength($property)
  {
    preg_match($this->_regexes['length'], $property->getdoccomment(), $matches);
    if(count($matches) == 2) {
      return '('.$matches[1].')';
    } else {
      return '';
    }
  }
  /**
   * determines if a property is allowed to be null
   * @param reflectionproperty $property
   * @return string
   */
  protected function _getnull($property)
  {
    preg_match($this->_regexes['null'], $property->getdoccomment(), $matches);
    if(count($matches) == 1) {
      return 'null';
    } else {
      return 'not null';
    }
  }
  /**
   * generates a block of sql to create a table from an entity
   * @return string
   */
  public function getsql()
  {
    $class = new reflectionclass($this->_classname);
    $definitions = array();
    foreach($class->getproperties() as $property) {
      if(strpos($property->getname(), '_') === false) {
        $definitions[] = $this->_getdefinition($property);
      }
    }
    $columns = implode(",n", $definitions);
    $sql = "create table ".$this->_tablename." (".$columns.")";
    if($this->_type == self::mysql) {
      $sql .= " engine=myisam";
    }
    return $sql.";";
  }
}

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