使用PHP开发HR系统（6）

本节讲述如何连接postgre数据库并查询与显示数据。

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前几节我们搭建了环境并处理了页面的一些问题，本节我们研究如何连接真实的数据库并把数据显示在页面上。

从主页我们看到有”在职人员总数”，我们就以这个数据为例来说明：

1、建立数据集库表

create table “public”.”t_employee” (

“cid” varchar(255) collate “default” not null,

“cname” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“cname_e” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“department_unit_code” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“department_unit” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“personnel_scope” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“personnel_subscope” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“salary_range” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“office” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“position_number” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“position_name” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“post_directory_code” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“post_directory_name” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“jobs_numbers” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“jobs_name” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“jobs_seq_name” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“jobs_subseq_name” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“jobs_second_name” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“post_hierarchy_name” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“employee_group” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“employee_subgroup” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“is_frontline” varchar(8) collate “default”,

“higher_position” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“line_manager” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“line_manager_id” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“hrbp_id” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“hrbp_name” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“nationality” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“male” varchar(2) collate “default”,

“marriage” varchar(4) collate “default”,

“fertility” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“census” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“census_addr” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“census_nature” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“birthdate” date,

“age” int4,

“id_cards” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“mobile_telephone” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“enterprise_email” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“personal_email” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“education” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“profession” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“institution” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“graduation_date” date,

“bank_account” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“payee” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“kinsfolk” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“kinsfolk_phone” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“kinsfolk_relation” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“date_of_appointment” date,

“state_employees” varchar(4) collate “default”,

“permanent_office” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“sources_of_recruitment” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“sources_of_secondary_recruitment” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“date_of_entry” date,

“date_of_inbloc” date,

“date_of_seniority” date,

“date_of_work” date,

“date_of_dimission” date,

“date_of_contract_start” date,

“date_of_contract_end” date,

“the_subject_of_contracts” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“the_count_of_contracts” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“is_second_work” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“address” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“is_competition_agreement” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“performance_manager_name” varchar(255) collate “default”,

“performance_manager_id” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“profile_photo” bytea,

“post_subhierarchy_name” varchar(32) collate “default”,

“pay_rank” varchar(4) collate “default”,

“nation” varchar(32) collate “default”

)

with (oids=false)

;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”cid” is ‘员工编号’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”cname” is ‘员工姓名’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”cname_e” is ‘员工英文名’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”department_unit_code” is ‘部门编码’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”department_unit” is ‘部门’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”fertility” is ‘生育状况’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”census” is ‘户籍所在地’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”census_addr” is ‘户籍地址’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”census_nature” is ‘户口性质’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”education” is ‘学历’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”profession” is ‘所学专业’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”institution” is ‘院校’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”graduation_date” is ‘毕业时间’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”bank_account” is ‘银行账号’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”payee” is ‘收款人’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”date_of_dimission” is ‘离职日期’;

comment on column “public”.”t_employee”.”nation” is ‘民族’;

— —————————-

— alter sequences owned by

— —————————-

— primary key structure for table t_employee

— —————————-

alter table “public”.”t_employee” add primary key (“cid”);

并导入一些员工信息；

2、配置数据库连接

2.1 配置php.ini文件

去掉extension=php_pdo_pgsql.dll和extension=php_pgsql.dll之前的逗号

;

extension=php_bz2.dll

extension=php_curl.dll

extension=php_com_dotnet.dll

;extension=php_enchant.dll

extension=php_fileinfo.dll

extension=php_gd2.dll

extension=php_gettext.dll

extension=php_gmp.dll

extension=php_intl.dll

extension=php_imap.dll

;extension=php_interbase.dll

extension=php_ldap.dll

extension=php_mbstring.dll

extension=php_exif.dll ; must be after mbstring as it depends on it

extension=php_mysql.dll

extension=php_mysqli.dll

;extension=php_oci8_12c.dll ; use with oracle database 12c instant client

extension=php_openssl.dll

;extension=php_pdo_firebird.dll

extension=php_pdo_mysql.dll

extension=php_pdo.dll

extension=sqlite3.dll

extension=php_pdo_sqlite.dll

extension=php_pdo_oci.dll

extension=php_pdo_odbc.dll

extension=php_pdo_pgsql.dll

extension=php_pgsql.dll

;extension=php_shmop.dll

extension=php_sqlsrv_56_ts.dll

2.2 配置ci数据库连接参数

打开application->config->database.php文件，修改默认数据库连接参数

<?php

defined(‘basepath’) or exit(‘no direct script access allowed’);

| ——————————————————————-

| database connectivity settings

| ——————————————————————-

| this file will contain the settings needed to access your database.

| for complete instructions please consult the ‘database connection’

| page of the user guide.

| ——————————————————————-

| explanation of variables

| ——————————————————————-

| [‘dsn’] the full dsn string describe a connection to the database.

| [‘hostname’] the hostname of your database server.

| [‘username’] the username used to connect to the database

| [‘password’] the password used to connect to the database

| [‘database’] the name of the database you want to connect to

| [‘dbdriver’] the database driver. e.g.: mysqli.

| currently supported:

| cubrid, ibase, mssql, mysql, mysqli, oci8,

| odbc, pdo, postgre, sqlite, sqlite3, sqlsrv

| [‘dbprefix’] you can add an optional prefix, which will be added

| to the table name when using the query builder class

| [‘pconnect’] true/false – whether to use a persistent connection

| [‘db_debug’] true/false – whether database errors should be displayed.

| [‘cache_on’] true/false – enables/disables query caching

| [‘cachedir’] the path to the folder where cache files should be stored

| [‘char_set’] the character set used in communicating with the database

| [‘dbcollat’] the character collation used in communicating with the database

| note: for mysql and mysqli databases, this setting is only used

| as a backup if your server is running php < 5.2.3 or mysql < 5.0.7

| (and in table creation queries made with db forge).

| there is an incompatibility in php with mysql_real_escape_string() which

| can make your site vulnerable to sql injection if you are using a

| multi-byte character set and are running versions lower than these.

| sites using latin-1 or utf-8 database character set and collation are unaffected.

| [‘swap_pre’] a default table prefix that should be swapped with the dbprefix

| [‘encrypt’] whether or not to use an encrypted connection.

| ‘mysql’ (deprecated), ‘sqlsrv’ and ‘pdo/sqlsrv’ drivers accept true/false

| ‘mysqli’ and ‘pdo/mysql’ drivers accept an array with the following options:

| ‘ssl_key’ – path to the private key file

| ‘ssl_cert’ – path to the public key certificate file

| ‘ssl_ca’ – path to the certificate authority file

| ‘ssl_capath’ – path to a directory containing trusted ca certificates in pem format

| ‘ssl_cipher’ – list of *allowed* ciphers to be used for the encryption, separated by colons (‘:’)

| ‘ssl_verify’ – true/false; whether verify the server certificate or not

| [‘compress’] whether or not to use client compression (mysql only)

| [‘stricton’] true/false – forces ‘strict mode’ connections

| – good for ensuring strict sql while developing

| [‘ssl_options’] used to set various ssl options that can be used when making ssl connections.

| [‘failover’] array – a array with 0 or more data for connections if the main should fail.

| [‘save_queries’] true/false – whether to “save” all executed queries.

| note: disabling this will also effectively disable both

| $this->db->last_query() and profiling of db queries.

| when you run a query, with this setting set to true (default),

| codeigniter will store the sql statement for debugging purposes.

| however, this may cause high memory usage, especially if you run

| a lot of sql queries … disable this to avoid that problem.

| the $active_group variable lets you choose which connection group to

| make active. by default there is only one group (the ‘default’ group).

| the $query_builder variables lets you determine whether or not to load

| the query builder class.

$active_group = ‘default’;

$query_builder = true;

$db[‘default’] = array(

‘dsn’ => ”,

‘hostname’ => ‘localhost’,

‘username’ => ‘username‘,

‘password’ => ‘password‘,

‘database’ => ‘sim’,

‘dbdriver’ => ‘postgre’,

‘port’=>’5432’,

‘dbprefix’ => ”,

‘pconnect’ => false,

‘db_debug’ => (environment !== ‘production’),

‘cache_on’ => false,

‘cachedir’ => ”,

‘char_set’ => ‘utf8’,

‘dbcollat’ => ‘utf8_general_ci’,

‘swap_pre’ => ”,

‘encrypt’ => false,

‘compress’ => false,

‘stricton’ => false,

‘failover’ => array(),

‘save_queries’ => true

);

其中需要注意几点：

1）dbdriver设置为’postgre’,注意不是’postgres‘,为什么会是这个名字，我猜是这样：打开system\database\drivers可以看到postgre目录

这个目录下放的就是postgre数据库相关的数据库文件；

2）’port’=>’5432’，注意默认是不包含这个项的，如果电脑上安装了mysql之类的数据库，可能会有问题，所以需要增加这项，笔者的电脑上

没有设置这项显示出错；

3、建立model文件

ci采用了mvc模式，连接数据库操作需要建立model文件。

1）在application->models文件夹下新建memployee.php文件，代码如下：

<?php

defined(‘basepath’) or exit(‘no direct script access allowed’);

class memployee extends ci_model {

public function __construct(){

parent::__construct();

$this->load->database();

}

public function index()

{

}

/**

* @return

public function getemployeenum(){

$sql = “select state_employees,count(cid) from t_employee group by state_employees”;

$query = $this->db->query($sql);

//var_dump($query);

return $query->result();

}

通过getemployeenum函数，我们查询在职员工数量，并返回查询数据集；注意我们首先要在构造函数中加载数据库类：

$this->load->database();

4、建立control文件

由于我们是在主页中显示’在职员工总数’这个数据，因此我们修改application->controllers->main.php文件

<?php

defined(‘basepath’) or exit(‘no direct script access allowed’);

class main extends ci_controller {

public function __construct(){

parent::__construct();

$this->load->helper(‘url_helper’);

$this->load->model(‘memployee’);

}

public function index()

{

$data[‘param’] = $this->memployee->getemployeenum();

$this->load->view(‘container’,$data);

}

我们通过调用memployee->getemployeenum（）函数得到’在职员工数量’,并通过数组$data传递到页面；

5、修改application->views->container.php文件

?php

defined(‘basepath’) or exit(‘no direct script access allowed’);

<!doctype html>

<!–[if ie 8]> <html lang=”en” class=”ie8″> <![endif]–>

<!–[if ie 9]> <html lang=”en” class=”ie9″> <![endif]–>

<!–[if !ie]><!–>

<?php $this->load->view(‘templates/header’); ?>

<?php $this->load->view(‘templates/top’); ?>

<?php $this->load->view(‘templates/menu’); ?>

<?php $this->load->view(‘main’,$param); ?>

</div>

<?php $this->load->view(‘templates/footer’); ?>

</body>

</html>

注意这句：<?php $this->load->view(‘main’,$param); ?>，这里把参数传递到了application->views->main.php文件中；

6、修改application->views->main.php文件代码：

<!– begin page header–>

<!– begin page title & breadcrumb–>

</h3>

<li>

</li>

人力资源总览

</li>

</div>

</form>

</li>

</ul>

<!– end page title & breadcrumb–>

</div>

<!– end page header–>

<!– begin page content–>

<!–begin metro states–>

<div class=”info”><?php echo $param[0]->count; ?></div>

<div class=”status”>在职人员总数</div>

</a>

</div>

<div class=”info”><?php echo $param[1]->count; ?></div>

<div class=”status”>本年度离职人数</div>

</a>

</div>

<div class=”info”><?php echo $param[2]->count; ?></div>

<div class=”status”>本年度异动人数</div>

</a>

</div>

<div class=”status”>本月离职人数</div>

</a>

</div>

<div class=”status”>本月待招聘人数</div>

</a>

</div>

<div class=”status”>本年薪酬福利</div>

</a>

</div>

<div class=”status”>本月薪酬福利</div>

</a>

</div>

<!–end metro states–>

</div>

<!– end page content–>

</div>

代码中这里引用了参数

<div class=”info”><?php echo $param[0]->count; ?></div>

<div class=”status”>在职人员总数</div>

6、目前我们的工程结构如下

7 运行测试

运行主页如下所示；

总结：

本文通过建立数据库表，设置连接参数，并分别创建了mvc的不同对象，提取数据显示在界面上，展示了ci数据库操作

的步骤与方法；

程序调试过程中一些错误的处理办法：

1、php连接postgresql，总是报错”call to undefined function pg_connect()”

这是因为系统找不到dll文件造成的，一般在php.ini文件中，去掉extension=php_pdo_pgsql.dll和extension=php_pgsql.dll

之前的逗号就可以了，如果还不行，考虑pgadmin iii文件安装中是否在系统path路径中加载了对应pgadmin iii目录；

2、在memployee.php文件中，我们如果使用汉字例如$sql = “select count(cid) from t_employee where

state_employees=’激活'”;系统有时候会报编码错误，这是因为这个文件的默认格式不对，可以按照如下方法修改

在codelobster ide中，选择file->change encoding

修改编码为utf-8即可。

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