什么是多租户
网上有好多解释，有些上升到了架构设计，让你觉得似乎非常高深莫测，特别是目前流行的abp架构中就有提到多租户（imusthavetenant），其实说的简单一点就是再每一张数据库的表中添加一个tenantid的字段，用于区分属于不同的租户（或是说不同的用户组）的数据。关键是现实的方式必须对开发人员来说是透明的，不需要关注这个字段的信息，由后台或是封装在基类中实现数据的筛选和更新。
基本原理
从新用户注册时就必须指定用户的tenantid,我的例子是用companyid,公司信息做为tenantid,哪些用户属于不同的公司，每个用户将来只能修改和查询属于本公司的数据。
接下来就是用户登录的时候获取用户信息的时候把tenantid保存起来，asp.net mvc（不是 core） 是通过 identity 2.0实现的认证和授权，这里需要重写部分代码来实现。
最后用户对数据查询/修改/新增时把用户信息中tenantid，这里就需要设定一个filter(过滤器)和每次savechange的插入tenantid
如何实现
第一步，扩展 asp.net identity user 属性，必须新增一个tenantid字段,根据asp.net mvc 自带的项目模板修改identitymodels.cs 这个文件
// you can add profile data for the user by adding more properties to your applicationuser class, please visit http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=317594 to learn more.
public class applicationuser : identityuser
{
public async task<claimsidentity> generateuseridentityasync(usermanager<applicationuser> manager, string authenticationtype)
{
// note the authenticationtype must match the one defined in cookieauthenticationoptions.authenticationtype
var useridentity = await manager.createidentityasync(this, authenticationtype);
// add custom user claims here
useridentity.addclaim(new claim("http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/tenantid", this.tenantid.tostring()));
useridentity.addclaim(new claim("companyname", this.companyname));
useridentity.addclaim(new claim("enabledchat", this.enabledchat.tostring()));
useridentity.addclaim(new claim("fullname", this.fullname));
useridentity.addclaim(new claim("avatarsx50", this.avatarsx50));
useridentity.addclaim(new claim("avatarsx120", this.avatarsx120));
return useridentity;
}
public async task<claimsidentity> generateuseridentityasync(usermanager<applicationuser> manager)
{
// note the authenticationtype must match the one defined in cookieauthenticationoptions.authenticationtype
var useridentity = await manager.createidentityasync(this, defaultauthenticationtypes.applicationcookie);
// add custom user claims here
return useridentity;
}
[display(name = "全名")]
public string fullname { get; set; }
[display(name = "性别")]
public int gender { get; set; }
public int accounttype { get; set; }
[display(name = "所属公司")]
public string companycode { get; set; }
[display(name = "公司名称")]
public string companyname { get; set; }
[display(name = "是否在线")]
public bool isonline { get; set; }
[display(name = "是否开启聊天功能")]
public bool enabledchat { get; set; }
[display(name = "小头像")]
public string avatarsx50 { get; set; }
[display(name = "大头像")]
public string avatarsx120 { get; set; }
[display(name = "租户id")]
public int tenantid { get; set; }
}
public class applicationdbcontext : identitydbcontext<applicationuser>
{
public applicationdbcontext()
: base("defaultconnection", throwifv1schema: false) => database.setinitializer<applicationdbcontext>(null);
public static applicationdbcontext create() => new applicationdbcontext();
}
第二步 修改注册用户的代码，注册新用户的时候需要选择所属的公司信息
[httppost]
[allowanonymous]
[validateantiforgerytoken]
public async task<actionresult> register(accountregistrationmodel viewmodel)
{
var data = this._companyservice.queryable().select(x => new listitem() { value = x.id.tostring(), text = x.name });
this.viewbag.companylist = data;
// ensure we have a valid viewmodel to work with
if (!this.modelstate.isvalid)
{
return this.view(viewmodel);
}
// try to create a user with the given identity
try
{
// prepare the identity with the provided information
var user = new applicationuser
{
username = viewmodel.username,
fullname = viewmodel.lastname + "." + viewmodel.firstname,
companycode = viewmodel.companycode,
companyname = viewmodel.companyname,
tenantid=viewmodel.tenantid,
email = viewmodel.email,
accounttype = 0
};
var result = await this.usermanager.createasync(user, viewmodel.password);
// if the user could not be created
if (!result.succeeded)
{
// add all errors to the page so they can be used to display what went wrong
this.adderrors(result);
return this.view(viewmodel);
}
// if the user was able to be created we can sign it in immediately
// note: consider using the email verification proces
await this.signinasync(user, true);
return this.redirecttolocal();
}
catch (dbentityvalidationexception ex)
{
// add all errors to the page so they can be used to display what went wrong
this.adderrors(ex);
return this.view(viewmodel);
}
}
accountcontroller.cs
第三步 读取登录用户的tenantid 在用户查询和新增修改时把tenantid插入到表中,这里需要引用
z.entityframework.plus，这个是免费开源的一个类库，功能强大
public storecontext()
: base("name=defaultconnection") {
//获取登录用户信息,tenantid
var claimsidentity = (claimsidentity)httpcontext.current.user.identity;
var tenantclaim = claimsidentity?.findfirst("http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/tenantid");
var tenantid = convert.toint32(tenantclaim?.value);
//设置当对work对象进行查询时默认添加过滤条件
queryfiltermanager.filter<work>(q => q.where(x => x.tenantid == tenantid));
//设置当对order对象进行查询时默认添加过滤条件
queryfiltermanager.filter<order>(q => q.where(x => x.tenantid == tenantid));
}
public override task<int> savechangesasync(cancellationtoken cancellationtoken)
{
var currentdatetime = datetime.now;
var claimsidentity = (claimsidentity)httpcontext.current.user.identity;
var tenantclaim = claimsidentity?.findfirst("http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/tenantid");
var tenantid = convert.toint32(tenantclaim?.value);
foreach (var auditableentity in this.changetracker.entries<entity>())
{
if (auditableentity.state == entitystate.added || auditableentity.state == entitystate.modified)
{
//auditableentity.entity.lastmodifieddate = currentdatetime;
switch (auditableentity.state)
{
case entitystate.added:
auditableentity.property("lastmodifieddate").ismodified = false;
auditableentity.property("lastmodifiedby").ismodified = false;
auditableentity.entity.createddate = currentdatetime;
auditableentity.entity.createdby = claimsidentity.name;
auditableentity.entity.tenantid = tenantid;
break;
case entitystate.modified:
auditableentity.property("createddate").ismodified = false;
auditableentity.property("createdby").ismodified = false;
auditableentity.entity.lastmodifieddate = currentdatetime;
auditableentity.entity.lastmodifiedby = claimsidentity.name;
auditableentity.entity.tenantid = tenantid;
//if (auditableentity.property(p => p.created).ismodified || auditableentity.property(p => p.createdby).ismodified)
//{
// throw new dbentityvalidationexception(string.format("attempt to change created audit trails on a modified {0}", auditableentity.entity.gettype().fullname));
//}
break;
}
}
}
return base.savechangesasync(cancellationtoken);
}
public override int savechanges()
{
var currentdatetime = datetime.now;
var claimsidentity =(claimsidentity)httpcontext.current.user.identity;
var tenantclaim = claimsidentity?.findfirst("http://schemas.microsoft.com/identity/claims/tenantid");
var tenantid = convert.toint32(tenantclaim?.value);
foreach (var auditableentity in this.changetracker.entries<entity>())
{
if (auditableentity.state == entitystate.added || auditableentity.state == entitystate.modified)
{
auditableentity.entity.lastmodifieddate = currentdatetime;
switch (auditableentity.state)
{
case entitystate.added:
auditableentity.property("lastmodifieddate").ismodified = false;
auditableentity.property("lastmodifiedby").ismodified = false;
auditableentity.entity.createddate = currentdatetime;
auditableentity.entity.createdby = claimsidentity.name;
auditableentity.entity.tenantid = tenantid;
break;
case entitystate.modified:
auditableentity.property("createddate").ismodified = false;
auditableentity.property("createdby").ismodified = false;
auditableentity.entity.lastmodifieddate = currentdatetime;
auditableentity.entity.lastmodifiedby = claimsidentity.name;
auditableentity.entity.tenantid = tenantid;
break;
}
}
}
return base.savechanges();
}
dbcontext.cs
经过以上3步就实现一个简单的多租户查询数据的功能。
总结
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