在编写代码的时候最常用到的就是字符串了,golang 中的字符串统一使用 utf-8 (属于unicode编码的一种实现方式)进行编码,本篇文章将结合具体实例对常用的字符串操作函数进行介绍。

func contains

func contains(s, substr string) bool

作用:判断 substr 是否是 s 的子串,例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringscontains("linux", "in"))
  fmtprintln(stringscontains("linux", "unix"))
  fmtprintln(stringscontains("linux", ""))
  fmtprintln(stringscontains("", ""))
}

输出:
true
false
true
true

func hasprefix

func hasprefix(s, prefix string) bool

作用:字符串 s 是否以 prefix 为开头,例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringshasprefix("linux", "lin"))
  fmtprintln(stringshasprefix("linux", "in"))
  fmtprintln(stringshasprefix("linux", ""))
}

输出:
true
false
true

func hassuffix

func hassuffix(s, suffix string) bool

作用:判断字符串 s 是否以 suffix 结尾,例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringshassuffix("linux", "nux"))
  fmtprintln(stringshassuffix("linux", "ix"))
  fmtprintln(stringshassuffix("linux", ""))
}

输出:
true
false
true

func replace

func replace(s, old, new string, n int) string

作用:返回 s 中前 n 个不重复的 old 子串替换为 new 子串的新字符串,如果 n < 0 ,则替换所有 old 子串,例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringsreplace("linux is very very very good!", "very", "much", 2))
  fmtprintln(stringsreplace("linux is very very very good!", "very", "much", -1))
}

输出:
linux is much much very good!
linux is much much much good!

func split

func split(s, sep string) []string

作用:返回将字符串 s 按 sep子串分割的字符串切片,sep 为空字符串时,将 s 分割为每一个 unicode 码值的字符串切片。例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringssplit("linux, unix, windows, android", ", "))
  fmtprintln(stringssplit(" linux is very very very good! ", " "))
}

输出:返回的是字符串数组。
[linux unix windows android]
[ linux is very very very good! ]

func tolower

func tolower(s string) string

作用:返回字符串 s 中字母转小写的拷贝,例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringstolower("linux, unix, windows, android"))
  fmtprintln(stringstolower(" linux is very very very good! "))
}

输出:
linux, unix, windows, android
 linux is very very very good!

func toupper

func toupper(s string) string

作用:返回字符串 s 中字母转大写的拷贝,例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringstoupper("linux, unix, windows, android"))
  fmtprintln(stringstoupper(" linux is very very very good! "))
}

输出:
linux, unix, windows, android
linux is very very very good! 

func repeat

func repeat(s string, count int) string

作用:返回 count 个字符串 s 相连接的字符串,如果 count 为负数 或(len * s * count)的结果溢出,则报 panic 异常。例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringsrepeat("linux", 6))
  fmtprintln(stringsrepeat("linux", 0))
  fmtprintln(stringsrepeat("linux", -1))
}

输出:
linuxlinuxlinuxlinuxlinuxlinux
 
panic: strings: negative repeat count
 
goroutine 1 [running]:
stringsrepeat(0x4bcf3d, 0x5, 0xffffffffffffffff, 0x1, 0x1)
        /usr/local/go/src/strings/stringsgo:529 +0x5e5
mainmain()
        /root/goproject/src/test/maingo:11 +0x167

func count

func count(s, substr string) int

作用:返回字符串 s 中包含的不重叠的子串 substr 个数,如果 substr 是一个空字符串,则返回1 + s中的unicode代码点数(unicode 代码点:可以简单理解为一个符号便是一个代码点),例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringscount("golang golang golang", "go"))
  fmtprintln(stringscount("golang", ""))
  fmtprintln(stringscount("golang语言", ""))
}

输出:
3
7
9

func index

func index(s, substr string) int

作用:返回字符串 s 中包含的第一个子串 substr 的索引,如果不存在返回 -1,例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  fmtprintln(stringsindex("golang", "lang"))
  fmtprintln(stringsindex("golang", "linux"))
}

输出:
2
-1

func join

func join(elems []string, sep string) string

作用:使用 sep 作为分隔符,将elems 中的所有字符连接起来,例如:

package main
 
import (
  "fmt"
  "strings"
)
 
func main() {
  elems := []string{"i", "like", "golang", "!"}
  fmtprintln(stringsjoin(elems, " "))
  elems = []string{"123", "456", "789"}
  fmtprintln(stringsjoin(elems, "-"))
}

 输出:
[root@localhost gotest]# go run maingo
i like golang !
123-456-789
[root@localhost gotest]#

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