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最近在用python编写公司一个项目的自动化测试用例，本文主要记录用python+HTMLTestRunner生成测试报告。

一、安装HTMLTestRunner

首先要安装HTMLTestRunner，这里要注意的是由于HTMLTestRunner是一个第三方的unittest HTML报告库，用pip是死活安装不了的，得去网上下载HTMLTestRunner.py放到存放python源代码的Lib目录下，官网下载的是python2的，如果是python3版本会报错，如下是python3版本的HTMLTestRunner.py，有需要的小伙伴可自行复制。

""" A TestRunner for use with the Python unit testing framework. It generates a HTML report to show the result at a glance. The simplest way to use this is to invoke its main method. E.g. import unittest import HTMLTestRunner ... define your tests ... if __name__ == '__main__': HTMLTestRunner.main() For more customization options, instantiates a HTMLTestRunner object. HTMLTestRunner is a counterpart to unittest's TextTestRunner. E.g. # output to a file fp = file('my_report.html', 'wb') runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner( stream=fp, title='My unit test', description='This demonstrates the report output by HTMLTestRunner.' ) # Use an external stylesheet. # See the Template_mixin class for more customizable options runner.STYLESHEET_TMPL = '<link rel="stylesheet" href="my_stylesheet.css" type="text/css">' # run the test runner.run(my_test_suite) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Copyright (c) 2004-2007, Wai Yip Tung All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * Neither the name Wai Yip Tung nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. """
# URL: http://tungwaiyip.info/software/HTMLTestRunner.html
__author__ = "Wai Yip Tung"
__version__ = "0.8.2"
""" Change History Version 0.8.2 * Show output inline instead of popup window (Viorel Lupu). Version in 0.8.1 * Validated XHTML (Wolfgang Borgert). * Added description of test classes and test cases. Version in 0.8.0 * Define Template_mixin class for customization. * Workaround a IE 6 bug that it does not treat <script> block as CDATA. Version in 0.7.1 * Back port to Python 2.3 (Frank Horowitz). * Fix missing scroll bars in detail log (Podi). """
# TODO: color stderr
# TODO: simplify javascript using ,ore than 1 class in the class attribute?
import datetime
import io
import sys
import time
import unittest
from xml.sax import saxutils
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The redirectors below are used to capture output during testing. Output
# sent to sys.stdout and sys.stderr are automatically captured. However
# in some cases sys.stdout is already cached before HTMLTestRunner is
# invoked (e.g. calling logging.basicConfig). In order to capture those
# output, use the redirectors for the cached stream.
#
# e.g.
# >>> logging.basicConfig(stream=HTMLTestRunner.stdout_redirector)
# >>>
class OutputRedirector(object):
""" Wrapper to redirect stdout or stderr """
def __init__(self, fp):
self.fp = fp
def write(self, s):
self.fp.write(s)
def writelines(self, lines):
self.fp.writelines(lines)
def flush(self):
self.fp.flush()
stdout_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stdout)
stderr_redirector = OutputRedirector(sys.stderr)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Template
class Template_mixin(object):
""" Define a HTML template for report customerization and generation. Overall structure of an HTML report HTML +------------------------+ |<html> | | <head> | | | | STYLESHEET | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | </head> | | | | <body> | | | | HEADING | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | REPORT | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | ENDING | | +----------------+ | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | </body> | |</html> | +------------------------+ """
STATUS = { 
0: 'pass',
1: 'fail',
2: 'error',
}
DEFAULT_TITLE = 'Unit Test Report'
DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = ''
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# HTML Template
HTML_TMPL = r"""<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>%(title)s</title> <meta name="generator" content="%(generator)s"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> %(stylesheet)s </head> <body> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"><!-- output_list = Array(); /* level - 0:Summary; 1:Failed; 2:All */ function showCase(level) { trs = document.getElementsByTagName("tr"); for (var i = 0; i < trs.length; i++) { tr = trs[i]; id = tr.id; if (id.substr(0,2) == 'ft') { if (level < 1) { tr.className = 'hiddenRow'; } else { tr.className = ''; } } if (id.substr(0,2) == 'pt') { if (level > 1) { tr.className = ''; } else { tr.className = 'hiddenRow'; } } } } function showClassDetail(cid, count) { var id_list = Array(count); var toHide = 1; for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) { tid0 = 't' + cid.substr(1) + '.' + (i+1); tid = 'f' + tid0; tr = document.getElementById(tid); if (!tr) { tid = 'p' + tid0; tr = document.getElementById(tid); } id_list[i] = tid; if (tr.className) { toHide = 0; } } for (var i = 0; i < count; i++) { tid = id_list[i]; if (toHide) { document.getElementById('div_'+tid).style.display = 'none' document.getElementById(tid).className = 'hiddenRow'; } else { document.getElementById(tid).className = ''; } } } function showTestDetail(div_id){ var details_div = document.getElementById(div_id) var displayState = details_div.style.display // alert(displayState) if (displayState != 'block' ) { displayState = 'block' details_div.style.display = 'block' } else { details_div.style.display = 'none' } } function html_escape(s) { s = s.replace(/&/g,'&amp;'); s = s.replace(/</g,'&lt;'); s = s.replace(/>/g,'&gt;'); return s; } /* obsoleted by detail in <div> function showOutput(id, name) { var w = window.open("", //url name, "resizable,scrollbars,status,width=800,height=450"); d = w.document; d.write("<pre>"); d.write(html_escape(output_list[id])); d.write("\n"); d.write("<a href='javascript:window.close()'>close</a>\n"); d.write("</pre>\n"); d.close(); } */ --></script> %(heading)s %(report)s %(ending)s </body> </html> """
# variables: (title, generator, stylesheet, heading, report, ending)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Stylesheet
#
# alternatively use a <link> for external style sheet, e.g.
# <link rel="stylesheet" href="$url" type="text/css">
STYLESHEET_TMPL = """ <style type="text/css" media="screen"> body { font-family: verdana, arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 80%; } table { font-size: 100%; } pre { } /* -- heading ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ h1 { font-size: 16pt; color: gray; } .heading { margin-top: 0ex; margin-bottom: 1ex; } .heading .attribute { margin-top: 1ex; margin-bottom: 0; } .heading .description { margin-top: 4ex; margin-bottom: 6ex; } /* -- css div popup ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ a.popup_link { } a.popup_link:hover { color: red; } .popup_window { display: none; position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; /*border: solid #627173 1px; */ padding: 10px; background-color: #E6E6D6; font-family: "Lucida Console", "Courier New", Courier, monospace; text-align: left; font-size: 8pt; width: 500px; } } /* -- report ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */ #show_detail_line { margin-top: 3ex; margin-bottom: 1ex; } #result_table { width: 80%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #777; } #header_row { font-weight: bold; color: white; background-color: #777; } #result_table td { border: 1px solid #777; padding: 2px; } #total_row { font-weight: bold; } .passClass { background-color: #6c6; } .failClass { background-color: #c60; } .errorClass { background-color: #c00; } .passCase { color: #6c6; } .failCase { color: #c60; font-weight: bold; } .errorCase { color: #c00; font-weight: bold; } .hiddenRow { display: none; } .testcase { margin-left: 2em; } /* -- ending ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */ #ending { } </style> """
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Heading
#
HEADING_TMPL = """<div class='heading'> <h1>%(title)s</h1> %(parameters)s <p class='description'>%(description)s</p> </div> """ # variables: (title, parameters, description)
HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL = """<p class='attribute'><strong>%(name)s:</strong> %(value)s</p> """ # variables: (name, value)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Report
#
REPORT_TMPL = """ <p id='show_detail_line'>Show <a href='javascript:showCase(0)'>Summary</a> <a href='javascript:showCase(1)'>Failed</a> <a href='javascript:showCase(2)'>All</a> </p> <table id='result_table'> <colgroup> <col align='left' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> <col align='right' /> </colgroup> <tr id='header_row'> <td>Test Group/Test case</td> <td>Count</td> <td>Pass</td> <td>Fail</td> <td>Error</td> <td>View</td> </tr> %(test_list)s <tr id='total_row'> <td>Total</td> <td>%(count)s</td> <td>%(Pass)s</td> <td>%(fail)s</td> <td>%(error)s</td> <td>&nbsp;</td> </tr> </table> """ # variables: (test_list, count, Pass, fail, error)
REPORT_CLASS_TMPL = r""" <tr class='%(style)s'> <td>%(desc)s</td> <td>%(count)s</td> <td>%(Pass)s</td> <td>%(fail)s</td> <td>%(error)s</td> <td><a href="javascript:showClassDetail('%(cid)s',%(count)s)">Detail</a></td> </tr> """ # variables: (style, desc, count, Pass, fail, error, cid)
REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL = r""" <tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'> <td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td> <td colspan='5' align='center'> <!--css div popup start--> <a class="popup_link" οnfοcus='this.blur();' href="javascript:showTestDetail('div_%(tid)s')" > %(status)s</a> <div id='div_%(tid)s' class="popup_window"> <div style='text-align: right; color:red;cursor:pointer'> <a οnfοcus='this.blur();' οnclick="document.getElementById('div_%(tid)s').style.display = 'none' " > [x]</a> </div> <pre> %(script)s </pre> </div> <!--css div popup end--> </td> </tr> """ # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)
REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL = r""" <tr id='%(tid)s' class='%(Class)s'> <td class='%(style)s'><div class='testcase'>%(desc)s</div></td> <td colspan='5' align='center'>%(status)s</td> </tr> """ # variables: (tid, Class, style, desc, status)
REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL = r""" %(id)s: %(output)s """ # variables: (id, output)
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ENDING
#
ENDING_TMPL = """<div id='ending'>&nbsp;</div>"""
# -------------------- The end of the Template class -------------------
TestResult = unittest.TestResult
class _TestResult(TestResult):
# note: _TestResult is a pure representation of results.
# It lacks the output and reporting ability compares to unittest._TextTestResult.
def __init__(self, verbosity=1):
TestResult.__init__(self)
self.stdout0 = None
self.stderr0 = None
self.success_count = 0
self.failure_count = 0
self.error_count = 0
self.verbosity = verbosity
# result is a list of result in 4 tuple
# (
# result code (0: success; 1: fail; 2: error),
# TestCase object,
# Test output (byte string),
# stack trace,
# )
self.result = []
def startTest(self, test):
TestResult.startTest(self, test)
# just one buffer for both stdout and stderr
self.outputBuffer = io.StringIO()
stdout_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
stderr_redirector.fp = self.outputBuffer
self.stdout0 = sys.stdout
self.stderr0 = sys.stderr
sys.stdout = stdout_redirector
sys.stderr = stderr_redirector
def complete_output(self):
""" Disconnect output redirection and return buffer. Safe to call multiple times. """
if self.stdout0:
sys.stdout = self.stdout0
sys.stderr = self.stderr0
self.stdout0 = None
self.stderr0 = None
return self.outputBuffer.getvalue()
def stopTest(self, test):
# Usually one of addSuccess, addError or addFailure would have been called.
# But there are some path in unittest that would bypass this.
# We must disconnect stdout in stopTest(), which is guaranteed to be called.
self.complete_output()
def addSuccess(self, test):
self.success_count += 1
TestResult.addSuccess(self, test)
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((0, test, output, ''))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('ok ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('.')
def addError(self, test, err):
self.error_count += 1
TestResult.addError(self, test, err)
_, _exc_str = self.errors[-1]
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((2, test, output, _exc_str))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('E ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('E')
def addFailure(self, test, err):
self.failure_count += 1
TestResult.addFailure(self, test, err)
_, _exc_str = self.failures[-1]
output = self.complete_output()
self.result.append((1, test, output, _exc_str))
if self.verbosity > 1:
sys.stderr.write('F ')
sys.stderr.write(str(test))
sys.stderr.write('\n')
else:
sys.stderr.write('F')
class HTMLTestRunner(Template_mixin):
""" """
def __init__(self, stream=sys.stdout, verbosity=1, title=None, description=None):
self.stream = stream
self.verbosity = verbosity
if title is None:
self.title = self.DEFAULT_TITLE
else:
self.title = title
if description is None:
self.description = self.DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION
else:
self.description = description
self.startTime = datetime.datetime.now()
def run(self, test):
"Run the given test case or test suite."
result = _TestResult(self.verbosity)
test(result)
self.stopTime = datetime.datetime.now()
self.generateReport(test, result)
print (sys.stderr, '\nTime Elapsed: %s' % (self.stopTime-self.startTime))
return result
def sortResult(self, result_list):
# unittest does not seems to run in any particular order.
# Here at least we want to group them together by class.
rmap = { }
classes = []
for n,t,o,e in result_list:
cls = t.__class__
if not cls in rmap:
rmap[cls] = []
classes.append(cls)
rmap[cls].append((n,t,o,e))
r = [(cls, rmap[cls]) for cls in classes]
return r
def getReportAttributes(self, result):
""" Return report attributes as a list of (name, value). Override this to add custom attributes. """
startTime = str(self.startTime)[:19]
duration = str(self.stopTime - self.startTime)
status = []
if result.success_count: status.append('Pass %s'    % result.success_count)
if result.failure_count: status.append('Failure %s' % result.failure_count)
if result.error_count:   status.append('Error %s'   % result.error_count  )
if status:
status = ' '.join(status)
else:
status = 'none'
return [
('Start Time', startTime),
('Duration', duration),
('Status', status),
]
def generateReport(self, test, result):
report_attrs = self.getReportAttributes(result)
generator = 'HTMLTestRunner %s' % __version__
stylesheet = self._generate_stylesheet()
heading = self._generate_heading(report_attrs)
report = self._generate_report(result)
ending = self._generate_ending()
output = self.HTML_TMPL % dict(
title = saxutils.escape(self.title),
generator = generator,
stylesheet = stylesheet,
heading = heading,
report = report,
ending = ending,
)
self.stream.write(output.encode('utf8'))
def _generate_stylesheet(self):
return self.STYLESHEET_TMPL
def _generate_heading(self, report_attrs):
a_lines = []
for name, value in report_attrs:
line = self.HEADING_ATTRIBUTE_TMPL % dict(
name = saxutils.escape(name),
value = saxutils.escape(value),
)
a_lines.append(line)
heading = self.HEADING_TMPL % dict(
title = saxutils.escape(self.title),
parameters = ''.join(a_lines),
description = saxutils.escape(self.description),
)
return heading
def _generate_report(self, result):
rows = []
sortedResult = self.sortResult(result.result)
for cid, (cls, cls_results) in enumerate(sortedResult):
# subtotal for a class
np = nf = ne = 0
for n,t,o,e in cls_results:
if n == 0: np += 1
elif n == 1: nf += 1
else: ne += 1
# format class description
if cls.__module__ == "__main__":
name = cls.__name__
else:
name = "%s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__name__)
doc = cls.__doc__ and cls.__doc__.split("\n")[0] or ""
desc = doc and '%s: %s' % (name, doc) or name
row = self.REPORT_CLASS_TMPL % dict(
style = ne > 0 and 'errorClass' or nf > 0 and 'failClass' or 'passClass',
desc = desc,
count = np+nf+ne,
Pass = np,
fail = nf,
error = ne,
cid = 'c%s' % (cid+1),
)
rows.append(row)
for tid, (n,t,o,e) in enumerate(cls_results):
self._generate_report_test(rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e)
report = self.REPORT_TMPL % dict(
test_list = ''.join(rows),
count = str(result.success_count+result.failure_count+result.error_count),
Pass = str(result.success_count),
fail = str(result.failure_count),
error = str(result.error_count),
)
return report
def _generate_report_test(self, rows, cid, tid, n, t, o, e):
# e.g. 'pt1.1', 'ft1.1', etc
has_output = bool(o or e)
tid = (n == 0 and 'p' or 'f') + 't%s.%s' % (cid+1,tid+1)
name = t.id().split('.')[-1]
doc = t.shortDescription() or ""
desc = doc and ('%s: %s' % (name, doc)) or name
tmpl = has_output and self.REPORT_TEST_WITH_OUTPUT_TMPL or self.REPORT_TEST_NO_OUTPUT_TMPL
# o and e should be byte string because they are collected from stdout and stderr?
if isinstance(o,str):
# TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape \n and mess up formating
# uo = unicode(o.encode('string_escape'))
uo = e
else:
uo = o
if isinstance(e,str):
# TODO: some problem with 'string_escape': it escape \n and mess up formating
# ue = unicode(e.encode('string_escape'))
ue = e
else:
ue = e
script = self.REPORT_TEST_OUTPUT_TMPL % dict(
id = tid,
output = saxutils.escape(uo+ue),
)
row = tmpl % dict(
tid = tid,
Class = (n == 0 and 'hiddenRow' or 'none'),
style = n == 2 and 'errorCase' or (n == 1 and 'failCase' or 'none'),
desc = desc,
script = script,
status = self.STATUS[n],
)
rows.append(row)
if not has_output:
return
def _generate_ending(self):
return self.ENDING_TMPL
##############################################################################
# Facilities for running tests from the command line
##############################################################################
# Note: Reuse unittest.TestProgram to launch test. In the future we may
# build our own launcher to support more specific command line
# parameters like test title, CSS, etc.
class TestProgram(unittest.TestProgram):
""" A variation of the unittest.TestProgram. Please refer to the base class for command line parameters. """
def runTests(self):
# Pick HTMLTestRunner as the default test runner.
# base class's testRunner parameter is not useful because it means
# we have to instantiate HTMLTestRunner before we know self.verbosity.
if self.testRunner is None:
self.testRunner = HTMLTestRunner(verbosity=self.verbosity)
unittest.TestProgram.runTests(self)
main = TestProgram
##############################################################################
# Executing this module from the command line
##############################################################################
if __name__ == "__main__":
main(module=None)

HTMLTestRunner.py存放路径如下：

这里还要注意的是，将以上的代码复制到这里就行了，不用再用pip安装了，用import HTMLTestRunner如果没有报错就代表成功了，下图就代表已经安装HTMLTestRunner成功了。

二、生成测试报告

安装好HTMLTestRunner后，接下来说下怎么生成测试报告。首先创建一个包存放以test开头的测试用例，注意，一定是含有__int__.py的包且每个文件要以test开头才会执行，接着，创建一个与test文件夹同级的run_all_case.py，用来执行所有的测试用例并且生成测试报告。run_all_case.py代码如下： 

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import unittest
import os
import time
import HTMLTestRunner
# 用例路径
case_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd())
# 报告存放路径
report_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'report')
print (report_path)
def all_case():
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(case_path, pattern="test*.py", top_level_dir=None)
print (discover)
return (discover)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# 1、获取当前时间，这样便于下面的使用。
now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%H_%M_%S", time.localtime(time.time()))
# 2、html报告文件路径
report_abspath = os.path.join(report_path, "result_"+now+".html")
# 3、打开一个文件，将result写入此file中
fp = open(report_abspath, "wb")
runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(stream=fp,title=r'接口自动化测试报告,测试结果如下：',description=r'用例执行情况：')
# 4、调用add_case函数返回值
runner.run(all_case())
fp.close()

执行run_all_case.py文件就可以执行所有的测试用例并且生成测试报告在report文件夹下，下图就是生成的测试报告：

本文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43044948/article/details/111144067

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