说明
django 默认的用户表 auth_user 包含 id, password, last_login, is_superuser, username, last_name, email, is_staff, is_active, date_joined, first_name 字段。这些基本字段不够用时，在此基本表上拓展字段是很好选择。本文介绍在 drf(django rest framework) 上使用自定义用户表进行接口访问控制的功能设计。
1. django项目和应用创建
先装必要的模块
pip install django pip install djangorestframework
创建项目文件夹、项目和应用
e:\sweetyaya> mkdir myproj01 e:\sweetyaya> cd myproj01 e:\sweetyaya\myproj01> django-admin startproject myproj01 . e:\sweetyaya\myproj01> django-admin startapp myapp
同步数据库
e:\sweetyaya\myproj01> python manage.py migrate operations to perform: apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions running migrations: applying contenttypes.0001_initial... ok applying auth.0001_initial... ok applying admin.0001_initial... ok applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... ok ... applying sessions.0001_initial... ok
执行如下命令后测试访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/
e:\sweetyaya\myproj01>python manage.py runserver watching for file changes with statreloader performing system checks... system check identified no issues (0 silenced). june 07, 2021 - 21:16:57 django version 3.2.4, using settings 'myproj01.settings' starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/ quit the server with ctrl-break.
2. 自定义user表
打开 myapp/models.py 文件，创建继承自 abstractuser 的 userprofile 类，给它添加 name 和 mobile 字段，它就是我们自定义的用户表。
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import abstractuser
class userprofile(abstractuser):
name = models.charfield(max_length=30, null=true, blank=true, verbose_name="姓名")
mobile = models.charfield(max_length=11, verbose_name="电话")
class meta:
verbose_name = "用户"
verbose_name_plural = "用户"
def __str__(self):
return self.name
3. 序列化和路由
我们直接在 myproj01/url.py 中进行定义序列化方法和路由配置
from django.urls import path, include
from myapp.models import userprofile
from rest_framework import routers, serializers, viewsets
# serializers define the api representation.
class userserializer(serializers.hyperlinkedmodelserializer):
class meta:
model = userprofile
fields = ['url', 'username', 'name', 'mobile', 'email', 'is_staff']
# viewsets define the view behavior.
class userviewset(viewsets.modelviewset):
queryset = userprofile.objects.all()
serializer_class = userserializer
# routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the url conf.
router = routers.defaultrouter()
router.register('users', userviewset)
# wire up our api using automatic url routing.
# additionally, we include login urls for the browsable api.
urlpatterns = [
path('', include(router.urls)),
path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
3. drf配置
找到 myproj01/settings.py ，做如下配置
加入上面创建的应用和 rest_framework
installed_apps = [
'django.contrib.admin',
...
'rest_framework',
'myapp',
]
添加全局认证设置
rest_framework = {
'default_permission_classes': [
'rest_framework.permissions.isauthenticated'
]
}
修改默认用户表，至此 settings.py 全部配置完成了。
auth_user_model = 'myapp.userprofile'
4. 同步数据库
执行 makemigrations 命令
e:\sweetyaya\myproj01> python manage.py makemigrations migrations for 'myapp': myapp\migrationse:\sweetyaya\myproj01> python manage.py makemigrations migrations for 'myapp': myapp\migrations\0001_initial.py - create model userprofile01_initial.py - create model userprofile
执行 migrate 命令出现如下错误
e:\sweetyaya\myproj01> python manage.py migrate
traceback (most recent call last):
file "manage.py", line 22, in <module>
main()
file "manage.py", line 18, in main
execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
file "d:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 419, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
file "d:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\__init__.py", line 413, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
file "d:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 354, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
file "d:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 398, in execute
output = self.handle(*args, **options)
file "d:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 89, in wrapped
res = handle_func(*args, **kwargs)
file "d:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\migrate.py", line 95, in handle
executor.loader.check_consistent_history(connection)
file "d:\program files\python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\migrations\loader.py", line 310, in check_consistent_history
connection.alias,
django.db.migrations.exceptions.inconsistentmigrationhistory: migration admin.0001_initial is applied before its dependency myapp.0001_initial on database 'default'.
解决办法
先 makemigrations打开 settings.py ，注释掉 install_apps 中的
'django.contrib.admin',打开 urls.py ，注释掉 urlpatterns 中的 admin，再 migrate 就不报错了。最后注意把注释内容恢复回来就好了。
e:\sweetyaya\myproj01> python manage.py migrate operations to perform: apply all migrations: myapp, admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions running migrations: applying contenttypes.0001_initial... ok applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... ok ... applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... ok applying sessions.0001_initial... ok
5. 测试
执行命令
e:\sweetyaya\myproj01>python manage.py runserver
访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ 出现结果如下，此时表明配置成功，但是尚未进行用户登录无权访问。
6. 命令行注册用户
进入 python shell
e:\sweetyaya\myproj01> python manage.py shell python 3.6.6 (v3.6.6:4cf1f54eb7, jun 27 2018, 03:37:03) [msc v.1900 64 bit (amd64)] type 'copyright', 'credits' or 'license' for more information ipython 6.5.0 -- an enhanced interactive python. type '?' for help.
键入如下代码
in [1]: from myapp.models import userprofile
in [2]: from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password
in [3]: ist = userprofile(username='guest01',password=make_password('123456'))
in [4]: ist.save()
in [5]: ist = userprofile(username='guest02',password=make_password('123456'))
in [6]: ist.save()
然后在数据库中查看 myapp_userprofile 表发现多了两条记录，添加成功，继续访问 http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/ 地址，使用用户密码登录可见如下。测试完成。
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