Python tkinter实现日期选择器

如何利用python的tkinter模块实现日期选择器，根据我在网上的搜索情况，这一块一直是一个盲点。虽然也有接近的答案，并没有真正实用的，我经过几天的探索，终于摸索出一套可用的，分享给大家。

首先，定义一个类，叫calendar，这个是搬运来的。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
import calendar
import tkinter as tk
import tkinter.font as tkfont
from tkinter import ttk
datetime = calendar.datetime.datetime
timedelta = calendar.datetime.timedelta
class calendar:
def __init__(s, point = none):
s.master = tk.toplevel()
s.master.withdraw()
s.master.attributes('-topmost' ,true)
fwday = calendar.sunday
year = datetime.now().year
month = datetime.now().month
locale = none
sel_bg = '#ecffc4'
sel_fg = '#05640e'
s._date = datetime(year, month, 1) #每月第一日
s._selection = none   #设置为未选中日期
s.g_frame = ttk.frame(s.master)
s._cal = s.__get_calendar(locale, fwday)
s.__setup_styles() # 创建自定义样式
s.__place_widgets() # pack/grid 小部件
s.__config_calendar() # 调整日历列和安装标记
# 配置画布和正确的绑定，以选择日期。
s.__setup_selection(sel_bg, sel_fg)
# 存储项id，用于稍后插入。
s._items = [s._calendar.insert('', 'end', values='') for _ in range(6)]
# 在当前空日历中插入日期
s._update()
s.g_frame.pack(expand = 1, fill = 'both')
s.master.overrideredirect(1)
s.master.update_idletasks()
width, height = s.master.winfo_reqwidth(), s.master.winfo_reqheight()
s.height=height
if point:
x, y = point[0], point[1]
else: 
x, y = (s.master.winfo_screenwidth() - width)/2, (s.master.winfo_screenheight() - height)/2
s.master.geometry('%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, x, y)) #窗口位置居中
s.master.after(300, s._main_judge)
s.master.deiconify()
s.master.focus_set()
s.master.wait_window() #这里应该使用wait_window挂起窗口，如果使用mainloop,可能会导致主程序很多错误
def __get_calendar(s, locale, fwday):
if locale is none:
return calendar.textcalendar(fwday)
else:
return calendar.localetextcalendar(fwday, locale)
def __setitem__(s, item, value):
if item in ('year', 'month'):
raise attributeerror("attribute '%s' is not writeable" % item)
elif item == 'selectbackground':
s._canvas['background'] = value
elif item == 'selectforeground':
s._canvas.itemconfigure(s._canvas.text, item=value)
else:
s.g_frame.__setitem__(s, item, value)
def __getitem__(s, item):
if item in ('year', 'month'):
return getattr(s._date, item)
elif item == 'selectbackground':
return s._canvas['background']
elif item == 'selectforeground':
return s._canvas.itemcget(s._canvas.text, 'fill')
else:
r = ttk.tclobjs_to_py({item: ttk.frame.__getitem__(s, item)})
return r[item]
def __setup_styles(s):
# 自定义ttk风格
style = ttk.style(s.master)
arrow_layout = lambda dir: (
[('button.focus', {'children': [('button.%sarrow' % dir, none)]})]
)
style.layout('l.tbutton', arrow_layout('left'))
style.layout('r.tbutton', arrow_layout('right'))
def __place_widgets(s):
# 标头框架及其小部件
input_judgment_num = s.master.register(s.input_judgment) # 需要将函数包装一下，必要的
hframe = ttk.frame(s.g_frame)
gframe = ttk.frame(s.g_frame)
bframe = ttk.frame(s.g_frame)
hframe.pack(in_=s.g_frame, side='top', pady=5, anchor='center')
gframe.pack(in_=s.g_frame, fill=tk.x, pady=5)
bframe.pack(in_=s.g_frame, side='bottom', pady=5)
lbtn = ttk.button(hframe, style='l.tbutton', command=s._prev_month)
lbtn.grid(in_=hframe, column=0, row=0, padx=12)
rbtn = ttk.button(hframe, style='r.tbutton', command=s._next_month)
rbtn.grid(in_=hframe, column=5, row=0, padx=12)
s.cb_year = ttk.combobox(hframe, width = 5, values = [str(year) for year in range(datetime.now().year, datetime.now().year-11,-1)], validate = 'key', validatecommand = (input_judgment_num, '%p'))
s.cb_year.current(0)
s.cb_year.grid(in_=hframe, column=1, row=0)
s.cb_year.bind('<keypress>', lambda event:s._update(event, true))
s.cb_year.bind("<<comboboxselected>>", s._update)
tk.label(hframe, text = '年', justify = 'left').grid(in_=hframe, column=2, row=0, padx=(0,5))
s.cb_month = ttk.combobox(hframe, width = 3, values = ['%02d' % month for month in range(1,13)], state = 'readonly')
s.cb_month.current(datetime.now().month - 1)
s.cb_month.grid(in_=hframe, column=3, row=0)
s.cb_month.bind("<<comboboxselected>>", s._update)
tk.label(hframe, text = '月', justify = 'left').grid(in_=hframe, column=4, row=0)
# 日历部件
s._calendar = ttk.treeview(gframe, show='', selectmode='none', height=7)
s._calendar.pack(expand=1, fill='both', side='bottom', padx=5)
ttk.button(bframe, text = "确 定", width = 6, command = lambda: s._exit(true)).grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = 'ns', padx = 20)
ttk.button(bframe, text = "取 消", width = 6, command = s._exit).grid(row = 0, column = 1, sticky = 'ne', padx = 20)
tk.frame(s.g_frame, bg = '#565656').place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 0, relwidth = 1, relheigh = 2/200)
tk.frame(s.g_frame, bg = '#565656').place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 198/200, relwidth = 1, relheigh = 2/200)
tk.frame(s.g_frame, bg = '#565656').place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 0, rely = 0, relwidth = 2/200, relheigh = 1)
tk.frame(s.g_frame, bg = '#565656').place(x = 0, y = 0, relx = 198/200, rely = 0, relwidth = 2/200, relheigh = 1)
def __config_calendar(s):
# cols = s._cal.formatweekheader(3).split()
cols = ['日','一','二','三','四','五','六']
s._calendar['columns'] = cols
s._calendar.tag_configure('header', background='grey90')
s._calendar.insert('', 'end', values=cols, tag='header')
# 调整其列宽
font = tkfont.font()
maxwidth = max(font.measure(col) for col in cols)
for col in cols:
s._calendar.column(col, width=maxwidth, minwidth=maxwidth,
anchor='center')
def __setup_selection(s, sel_bg, sel_fg):
def __canvas_forget(evt):
canvas.place_forget()
s._selection = none
s._font = tkfont.font()
s._canvas = canvas = tk.canvas(s._calendar, background=sel_bg, borderwidth=0, highlightthickness=0)
canvas.text = canvas.create_text(0, 0, fill=sel_fg, anchor='w')
canvas.bind('<button-1>', __canvas_forget)
s._calendar.bind('<configure>', __canvas_forget)
s._calendar.bind('<button-1>', s._pressed)
def _build_calendar(s):
year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month
header = s._cal.formatmonthname(year, month, 0)
# 更新日历显示的日期
cal = s._cal.monthdayscalendar(year, month)
for indx, item in enumerate(s._items):
week = cal[indx] if indx < len(cal) else []
fmt_week = [('%02d' % day) if day else '' for day in week]
s._calendar.item(item, values=fmt_week)
def _show_select(s, text, bbox):
x, y, width, height = bbox
textw = s._font.measure(text)
canvas = s._canvas
canvas.configure(width = width, height = height)
canvas.coords(canvas.text, (width - textw)/2, height / 2 - 1)
canvas.itemconfigure(canvas.text, text=text)
canvas.place(in_=s._calendar, x=x, y=y)
def _pressed(s, evt = none, item = none, column = none, widget = none):
"""在日历的某个地方点击。"""
if not item:
x, y, widget = evt.x, evt.y, evt.widget
item = widget.identify_row(y)
column = widget.identify_column(x)
if not column or not item in s._items:
# 在工作日行中单击或仅在列外单击。
return
item_values = widget.item(item)['values']
if not len(item_values): # 这个月的行是空的。
return
text = item_values[int(column[1]) - 1]
if not text: 
return
bbox = widget.bbox(item, column)
if not bbox: # 日历尚不可见
s.master.after(20, lambda : s._pressed(item = item, column = column, widget = widget))
return
text = '%02d' % text
s._selection = (text, item, column)
s._show_select(text, bbox)
def _prev_month(s):
"""更新日历以显示前一个月。"""
s._canvas.place_forget()
s._selection = none
s._date = s._date - timedelta(days=1)
s._date = datetime(s._date.year, s._date.month, 1)
s.cb_year.set(s._date.year)
s.cb_month.set(s._date.month)
s._update()
def _next_month(s):
"""更新日历以显示下一个月。"""
s._canvas.place_forget()
s._selection = none
year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month
s._date = s._date + timedelta(
days=calendar.monthrange(year, month)[1] + 1)
s._date = datetime(s._date.year, s._date.month, 1)
s.cb_year.set(s._date.year)
s.cb_month.set(s._date.month)
s._update()
def _update(s, event = none, key = none):
"""刷新界面"""
if key and event.keysym != 'return': return
year = int(s.cb_year.get())
month = int(s.cb_month.get())
if year == 0 or year > 9999: return
s._canvas.place_forget()
s._date = datetime(year, month, 1)
s._build_calendar() # 重建日历
if year == datetime.now().year and month == datetime.now().month:
day = datetime.now().day
for _item, day_list in enumerate(s._cal.monthdayscalendar(year, month)):
if day in day_list:
item = 'i00' + str(_item + 2)
column = '#' + str(day_list.index(day)+1)
s.master.after(100, lambda :s._pressed(item = item, column = column, widget = s._calendar))
def _exit(s, confirm = false):
if not confirm: s._selection = none
s.master.destroy()
def _main_judge(s):
"""判断窗口是否在最顶层"""
try:
if s.master.focus_displayof() == none or 'toplevel' not in str(s.master.focus_displayof()): s._exit()
else: s.master.after(10, s._main_judge)
except:
s.master.after(10, s._main_judge)
def selection(s):
"""返回表示当前选定日期的日期时间。"""
if not s._selection: return none
year, month = s._date.year, s._date.month
return str(datetime(year, month, int(s._selection[0])))[:10]
def input_judgment(s, content):
"""输入判断"""
if content.isdigit() or content == "":
return true
else:
return false

如何使用这个类呢？直接调用即可，什么参数都不用。如图

直接调用这个类，就出现了一个选择器

其实你也可以用参数，比如calendar(100,100)，这个参数是调整选择器的坐标位置的，问题是没啥用，没有参数选择器就出现在了屏幕的正中央，凑合用吧。

显然，仅仅这样是不足以实用的，于是我又封装了一个datepicker类，需要调用calendar类

class datepicker:
def __init__(s,window,axes): #窗口对象 坐标
s.window=window
s.frame=tk.frame(s.window,padx=5)
s.frame.grid(row=axes[0],column=axes[1])
s.start_date=tk.stringvar() #开始日期
s.end_date=tk.stringvar() #结束日期
s.bt1=tk.button(s.frame,text='开始',command=lambda:s.getdate('start')) #开始按钮
s.bt1.grid(row=0,column=0)
s.ent1=tk.entry(s.frame,textvariable=s.start_date) #开始输入框
s.ent1.grid(row=0,column=1)
s.bt2=tk.button(s.frame,text='结束',command=lambda:s.getdate('end'))
s.bt2.grid(row=0,column=2)
s.ent2=tk.entry(s.frame,textvariable=s.end_date)
s.ent2.grid(row=0,column=3)
def getdate(s,type): #获取选择的日期
for date in [calendar().selection()]:
if date:
if(type=='start'): #如果是开始按钮，就赋值给开始日期
s.start_date.set(date)
elif(type=='end'):
s.end_date.set(date)
#执行
if __name__ == '__main__':
window=tk.tk()
window.wm_attributes('-topmost',true) #窗口置顶
tk.label(window,text='日期段一:').grid(row=0,column=0)
obj=datepicker(window,(0,1)) #初始化类为对象
startstamp1=obj.start_date.get() #获取开始时期
endstamp1=obj.end_date.get()
tk.label(window,text='日期段二:').grid(row=1,column=0)
obj=datepicker(window,(1,1))
startstamp2=obj.start_date.get()
endstamp2=obj.end_date.get()
window.mainloop()

执行效果如图：

目的是搞成一个日期段的效果。所以datepicker类里面包括了一个开始按钮，开始输入框，结束按钮，结束输入框。并把这四个

组件放在了一个frame里面。所以使用的时候，先建立一个window,然后把window以及frame的位置坐标传入datepicker类即可。比如datepicker(window,(1,1))

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